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添佑悦玺智享私募证券投资基金

linbin123456 2023-10-17 99
添佑悦玺智享私募证券投资基金摘要: 山东省标准城投债券定向投资基金,资金投向山东省内评级为AA+、AAA的标准城投债券,省内多券策略,分散风险!多家信托公司同款产品,与信托产品对比收益大幅上升,每月固定披露持仓...
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基金名称:添佑悦玺智享私募证券投资基金
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基金管理人:添佑私募基金管理(上海)有限公司


添佑悦玺智享私募证券投资基金

新闻资讯:

分析了公路工程施工进度管理中存在的问题,包括对施工进度管理重视力度不够,施工人员水平参差不齐,前期工作没有做好等,对此提出了相应的措施,包括加强监督和管理工作、做好施工进度计划的编制、加强施工队伍的建设,从而有效确保公路工程的顺利竣工

     关键词:公路工程;施工进度;管理措施 公路工程的施工进度管理主要是保证公路工程施工质量达到要求的前提下能够如期完工

    公路工程的施工成本与工期密切相关,工期多延长一天,造成的人工成本、机械设备损耗成本、动力燃油成本等都将有所增加

    在市场竞争如此激烈的今天,任何的工程成本都应纳入考量的范围,如果能够提前完成任务,那么带来的收益也将很可观,但是如果为了赶进度忽略了施工质量,在后期的养护工作中还需要耗费更大的人力和物力

     1公路工程施工进度管理的要求 公路工程施工进度管理是工程管理的重要内容,工程进度的确定,一般是在工程的招标环节中,施工单位和业主单位签订的交付工程的日期,施工单位要对整体的工程有一个合理的规划,确保工程质量的同时,在合同规定的时间期限内完成工程的全部任务量

    能否按照工程规划的进度保证施工的流程是考验一家施工单位的重要指标,这直接关系到施工单位的口碑和信誉,因此做好公路工程施工进度的管理工作是非常重要的

    由于公路工程施工中常常会出现一些干扰性的因素,因此在整体的工作流程制定时务必与实际情况紧密结合在一起,随着公路工程施工的进行,施工进度不断发生变化,在这个动态的过程中,要统筹好施工质量和施工进度的关系,严格执行制定好的计划,否则会给整体的项目施工造成很大的影响

     2公路工程施工进度管理中存在的问题 2.1对公路工程施工进度管理重视力度不够

    公路工程是国家基础建设的重要工程,公路工程关系到国计民生,为我国经济发展提供基础的保障,由于服务的人群众多,公路工程的建设质量好坏影响着人们的生命安全,无论是建设单位还是监督单位,都要对公路的建设给予高度的重视

    但是在实际的施工中仍然存在着很多的问题,对公路工程施工管理重视力度不够,导致施工材料不合格、质量和安全管控不达标等一系列问题,从而影响到施工进度

     2.2施工技术人员问题

    施工技术人员的水平也是影响公路工程施工进度的主要因素之一,对于公路建设这样一种现场施工工作量很大的项目来说,一线的施工进度往往就是整个项目的施工进度,在实际的施工中,由于施工人员的技术水平参差不齐,再加上操作工人的流动性较大,没有形成规范的管理机制,造成了施工管理进度的混乱

     2.3公路工程施工前期工作没有做好

    在公路施工之前测量部门必须对现场进行详细的考察和测量,根据现场的条件制定相应的施工进度安排,但是在实际的建设过程中,管理部门经常忽视这一点,这就造成了在施工过程中受到较多的外界因素的干扰,造成施工进度的不确定性

     3提高公路工程施工进度管理水平的措施 3.1加强监督和管理工作

    提高公路工程施工进度管理的关键在于提高施工质量和施工效率,这就要求相关管理部门完善施工技术管理体系,进一步提高监管工作效率

    首先,应该加强施工队伍的技术管理和监督,充分发挥相关部门在监管方面的重要作用

添佑悦玺智享私募证券投资基金

    其次,施工技术人员应尽力提高自己的技术水平及工作素养,施工管理人员应以严格的管理态度对待每一次的施工过程,以保证施工质量和效率

    再次,应完善质量管理体系,确保具体的工作可以落实到个人,不仅可以提升施工效率,还能大幅提高施工质量

    最后,实行绩效考核制度,通过约束施工人员的施工行为,进一步提高施工效率和施工质量,从而确保施工进度满足要求

     3.2做好施工进度计划的编制

    在编制公路工程施工进度计划时需要实现对各项施工材料的合理优化配置,理顺各施工环节,合理安排施工

    在编制公路工程施工进度计划之前,相关人员需要全面了解整个工程项目的特点、各道工序之间的关联、材料和设备的使用情况等

    在编制计划的过程中需要在把握整个工程施工实际情况的基础上由多个专门的技术人员协商完成,从而发挥施工进度计划对整个工程施工的指导作用

     3.3加强施工队伍的建设

    要提高公路工程的施工进度管理水平不仅要加强监督和管理工作,还要加强施工队伍的施工能力,施工队伍的施工水平直接决定了施工质量以及施工效率,也直接决定了公路工程能否顺利竣工

    而加强施工队伍的建设主要要求为:培养高水平的施工技术管理人员,建设高水平的施工队伍,对相关技术人员定期进行考核,多召开技术会议

     3.3.1培养高水平的施工技术管理人员

    高水平的施工技术管理人员需要根据公路工程现场的施工情况,制定科学合理的施工计划,确保施工进度的合理

    而这方面的人员对于项目的顺利完成至关重要,因此,需要培养高水平的施工技术管理人员,确保项目的顺利竣工

     3.3.2建设高水平的施工队伍

    建立高水平的施工队伍,即要求施工人员有优秀的综合素质,尤其是目前大型的机械设备已在公路工程中投入使用,对施工人员提出了更高的要求

    因此,必须对施工人员做好相关的施工培训,使施工人员充分做好前期准备工作,充分了解施工中的重点

     3.3.3技术人员定期接受考核

    保证施工进度的前提是选择合格的施工人员,对相关工作人员进行定期考核,并对考核合格的工作人员发放合格证书,实行持证上岗的制度,保证施工队伍的综合素质水平

    3.3.4多召开技术会议

    对于施工中存在的具体问题应及时分析并采取解决措施,加强施工人员对问题的重视程度

    并及时召开技术讨论会探讨施工过程中的难点和问题,提高施工人员的施工水平,从而确保施工进度

     4结语 随着管理科学的不断发展,公路工程进度管理仍在不断的优化过程中

    公路工程作为服务民生的基础工程,应严格控制工程的施工进度,保障公路建设顺利进行,才能更好地促进交通运输事业的发展

     参考文献: 【1】张斌.浅谈公路工程施工质量管理问题【J】.黑龙江交通科技,2011(5):97. 【2】鹿宁.提高公路工程施工质量管理的有效途径【J】.交通世界,2016(22):118-119. 【3】石荣富,袁国良.浅析高速公路大修施工过程中的质量管理【J】.公路工程,2014(4):221-222,235. 【4】林华荣.施工进度管理在项目管理中的作用与具体措施【J】.江西建材,2013(3):291-292. 【5】尹世强.项目进度管理的有效方式【J】.山西科技,2006(1):40-41,63. 【6】李定伟,吕少荣.公路工程的施工质量管理问题【J】.价值工程,2013(8):102-103. 【7】安金锁.公路工程项目管理的思考【J】.知识经济,2013(8):91. 【8】邱懿.公路工程建设项目管理中应注意的几个问题【J】.山西建筑,2009(13):198-199.   在填土之前,地表面开挖沟槽,排除地表水,同时降低地基表层部分的含水率,以保障施工机械通行

    为了发挥开挖出的沟槽在施工中达到盲沟的效果,应回填透水性好的砂砾或碎石

    ②砂垫层法

    对于地基上部软土层极薄且含水量大时,在软土地基上敷垫0.5~1.2m左右厚的砂垫层

    这样可达到固结软土层,使砂垫层起到上部排水层作用;同时,砂垫层又成为填土内的地下排水层,以降低填土内的水位;在进行填土及地基处理施工时,为施工机械提供良好的通行条件

    ③敷垫材料法

    对于地基土层不均匀,可能发生局部不均匀沉降和侧向变位,可利用所敷垫材料的抗剪和拉抗力,来增强施工机械的通行,均匀地支承填土荷载、减少地基局部沉降和侧向变位,以提高地基的支承能力

    敷垫材料主要有化纤无纺布、土工布、玻璃纤维格栅等被广为采用

    ④添加剂法

    对于表层为粘性土时,在表层粘性土内渗入添加剂,改善地基的压缩性能和强度特性,以保施工机械的行驶

    同时也可达到提高填土稳定及固结的效果

    添加材料通常使用的是生石灰,熟石灰和水泥

    石灰类添加材料通过现场拌和或厂拌,除了降低土壤含水量、产生团粒效果外,对被固结的土随着时间的推移会发生化学性固结,使粘土成分发生质的变化,从而促进土体稳定

       1.1 surface treatment (1) surface drainage method. In soil is good for moisture content is too large due to the soft soil foundation, before filling, groove surface excavation, surface water, at the same time reduce the moisture content of ground surface part, in order to ensure construction machinery. For digging out of the groove in the construction, achieve the result of blind ditch backfill should be excellent drainage gravel or crushed stone. (2) the sand cushion method. For soft clay foundation top is very thin and big water content, apply on the soft soil foundation mat about 0.5 ~ 1.2 m thick layer of sand cushion. Can achieve consolidation of soft soil layer, so the sand mat layer upper drainage layer effect; At the same time, the sand cushion and fill in underground drainage layer, in order to reduce the water level in the filled soil; During filling and in construction of foundation treatment, provide good traffic conditions for construction machinery. 3. Apply the pad material. For uneven subsoil, the partial uneven settlement and lateral displacement may occur, can apply the pad material by the shear and tensile strength, to enhance construction machinery, filling evenly bearing load, reduce the local settlement and lateral displacement of foundation, in order to improve the bearing capacity of foundation. Apply the cushion materials are mainly chemical fiber non-woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, fiberglass grille, etc widely used. (4) the additive method. Surface layer on surface of cohesive soil, cohesive soil infiltration additives, improve the compression performance of the foundation and strength characteristics, in order to protect driving construction machinery. At the same time also can achieve Gao Tiantu stability and consolidation effect. Adding material usually using quicklime and hydrated lime and cement. Lime class adding material by mixing or factory, in addition to reduce soil moisture content and aggregate effect, on the consolidation of soil chemical consolidation will happen with the passage of time, has brought qualitative changes in the composition of clay, so as to promote the stability of soil.    1.2 置换法 本法是以优质土置换软弱土,确保填土稳定和减少沉降量

    施工方法分有人工挖掘置换和借填土自重或用爆炸法将软弱土挤出的强制置换

    其施工都比较容易,多数情况下能在短时间内达到所要求的目的

    从可靠性来说人工挖掘置换较优

    置换材料应采用即使受到水浸也不致降低承载力的粗粒土

    但必须进行充分压实

       1.2 this law is based on high quality soil replacement soft soil replacement method, ensure the stability of the filled soil and reduce settlement. Construction methods have artificial excavation displacement and lend fill weight or explosion method to soft soil extrusion force displacement. Its construction is easy, in most cases can be required in a short period of time to achieve. From artificial excavation displacement better reliability. Replacement materials should be used even by water immersion does not reduce the bearing capacity of coarse grained soil. But it must be properly compacted.    1.3 加载法 加载法是为了预先促进软土地基沉降,增加地基强度,以防止设置在填土上或邻接填土的路面和构造物或者埋入填土内的构造物发生有害沉降而导致破坏

    促进地基固结沉降的方法有:在地基上增加总压办法;减少土中的间隙水压提高有效应力法等

    前者用填土荷载时,一般为填土加载法,后者又可分通过井点,竖井等的降低地下水法和在地表面铺砂,覆盖不透水膜使之形成真空,依靠大气压力加载来促进固结的大气压加载法

    采用填土加载法时,须注意地基的稳定状态

    而降低地下水法和大气压加载法则不必担心地基遭到破坏,但受到地基适应性的限制且工程费用大,一般不采用

    上述方法,都很少单独采用

       1.3 load loading method is to promote the soft soil foundation settlement in advance, increase the strength of foundation, in order to prevent the setting on the fill or adjacent surfaces of the filled soil and the structure filling or embedded within the harmful settlement in construction and cause damage. Methods are: to promote the foundation consolidation settlement increase total pressure on foundation; Reduce gap pressure increase in the soil effective stress method, etc. Filling with load, the former general to fill load method, which in turn can be divided by well point, shaft, etc to reduce underground water and spread sand, in the earth's surface covered impervious membrane forming a vacuum, depend on atmospheric pressure loading to promote consolidation of atmospheric pressure loading method. When filling load method is adopted, must pay attention to the foundation of the steady state. And reduce the underground water and atmospheric pressure loading rules don't have to worry about the foundation is destroyed, but is limited by the adaptability of foundation and engineering cost, is generally not used. The above method, is rarely used alone.    1.4 砂井排水法 砂井排水法根据砂井的施工方法不同,可分为打入式、振动式、螺旋钻式、水射式及袋装式等

       1.4 sand Wells drainage sand Wells drainage method according to different construction method of sand drain, can be divided into type, vibration type, spiral drill, water and bag type, etc.    本法很少单独使用,多与加载法或缓速填土法并用,对层厚大,均质的粘土地质最为有效;对泥炭质地基效果稍差

    粘性土层固结所需时间t与垂直方向最大排水距离D的平方成正比

    很清楚,粘土层越厚,所需固结时间就越长

       This law is rarely used alone, with the method of loading or slow filling method, and the layer thickness, homogeneous clay geology is the most effective; Effect of peat quality foundation is a bit poor. Cohesive soil consolidation needed time t and the maximum vertical drainage is proportional to the square of the distance D. It is clear that clay layer is thicker, the longer time will elapse for consolidation.        2 施工现场常用处理软土路基方法   2 methods dealing with soft soil subgrade construction site    在施工中经常碰到的情况多数不是软土地基,因为如果有软土地基一般情况在设计时应该根据地质资料,提出处理方法

    多数情况是有局部地段地质情况和原来设计不同,出现局部地基承载力达不到设计要求,或者由于局部地段含水量过大(原有排水系统不畅,原有地基土质渗水性不好)造成地基软弹(翻浆,弹簧土地段)

    根据出现的这些情况一般常用的方法主要有:①换填

    ②抛石填筑

    ③盲沟

    ④排水砂垫层

    ⑤石灰浅坑法

       Often encountered in the construction of most is not soft soil, because if there is a general situation of soft soil foundation when the design should be according to the geological data, the processing method is put forward. Most of the time there is a local area geology and the original design is different, a local foundation bearing capacity can not meet the design requirements, or local area due to moisture content is too large (the original drainage not free, and the original foundation soil water permeability is bad) caused by foundation soft shells (pumping, spring land section). According to appear these conditions commonly used methods are: (1) for filling. (2) the ripped-rock embankment. 3. The blind ditch. (4) drainage sand cushion. 5. Lime method of a shallow pit.    3 实际施工中软土地基的处理   3 construction of soft soil foundation treatment    3.1 挖除换填碎片石方法 对于深度不太大的软基工程,在路堤范围内,将需要处理的软土挖除,动力触探合格后,用碎片石换填,可采用分段挖除,分段分层回填的方法

    用于换填的石料强度应不小于15MPa,分层厚度不宜大于30cm,石料最大粒径不应大于层厚的2/3

    依据规范,分层回填的碎片石应碾压合格,表面石块嵌挤紧密无松动,用镐刨不动,一般采用激震力320kN以上的压路机强震碾压无轮迹

       3.1 invisible fill in pieces of stone, a method for soft foundation engineering depth is not too big, within the scope of the embankment, will need to deal with soft soil invisible, after qualified, dynamic or fragments of stone for filling, can use segmented invisible, segmentation of the stratified backfill method. Used for replacement of stone strength should not be less than 15 mpa, layering thickness should not be greater than 30 cm, stone maximum particle size should not be more than two-thirds of layer thickness. According to the specification, stratified backfill fragments of stone should be rolling qualified, surface rocks embedded no loose to close, with picks plane, generally USES the shock force of more than 320 kn roller rolling wheel track without strong earthquakes.    3.2 对于较深的软基 挖除换填工程量太大,资料显示,施工方采用了粉喷桩

    粉喷桩主要是以粉体物质作加固料和原状土进行搅拌,经过理化作用生成具有较高强度的混合柱体,促使整个路堤产生足够的强度

    一般采用水泥作为固化剂,最好用Po32.5级普通硅酸盐水泥,要依据施工时间选用水泥初终凝时间合适的水泥,防止未成型即已凝固

    试验室应重点对水泥剂量进行监控,重点保证均匀性

    我们配制了3%~8%的水泥剂量试验,发现3%水泥几乎不能使软泥固结,6%剂量能满足要求

    但是室内配比不能完全代替施工情形,因此应该跟踪检测,应对7d桩监控

    对于不合格桩,应在原桩边上补桩,新桩与旧桩净距20cm

    如出现较多不合格桩应查找原因,进行改正

       Invisible 3.2 for deep soft foundation in filling quantity is too large, the data shows, construction of powder spraying pile is adopted. Powder spray pile mainly powder material for reinforcement material and undisturbed soil mixing, generated by the steric (physical and chemical mixing cylinder has high strength, prompted the embankment have enough strength. Cement commonly used as a curing agent, had better use Po32.5 ordinary Portland cement, according to the construction time chooses at the beginning of cement setting time suitable cement, to prevent the molding namely has solidified. Laboratory should focus on the cement dose monitoring, the key to ensure uniformity. We made up 3% ~ 8% of cement dosage test, found that 3% of cement can hardly make ooze consolidation, 6% dose can meet the requirements. But indoor ratio cannot completely replace the construction situation, so you should tracking detection, monitoring response to 7 d pile. For unqualified pile, the edge should be in the original pile pile, a new pile with old net from 20 cm. Should look for reason, if appear more pile to correct them.    3.3 抛石挤淤 用于存在多处鱼塘和常年积水的洼地

    这些地方,软土层位于水下,更换土壤较为困难,或者基底直接落在含水量极高的淤泥中,土壤稠度远超过液限,透水性差、天然含水量大、压缩性高,且这些地方大多为高填方路堤,若对软基不加任何处理或处理不当,往往会导致路基失稳或过量沉降,造成公路不能正常使用

    对于厚度较薄,表层无硬壳,片石能沉达底部的泥沼或厚度为3~4m的软土,采用抛石挤淤法效果最佳

    当路堤较低且淤泥层较厚时,为增加换土高度,可用挖掘机自一端向另一端或由两端向中间逐段挖除上部3米左右的软泥并外运,挖除段落的长短,以挖掘机能够工作的最大水平距离为准,挖除一个段落后,即可进行抛石

    抛挤时,沿路中线向前抛填,再向两侧扩展

    当软土地层横坡陡于1∶10时,应自高处向低侧抛投,并在低侧边部多抛投,使低侧边部有2m宽的平台顶面

    抛石达到地表常水位以上50mm时,在抛石回填的片石顶面上,铺10~30mm厚碎石垫层(砂砾垫层)并整平压实

    整个路段铺筑碎石垫层(砂砾垫层)并平整压实达到要求后,即开始路堤的正常填筑

    抛石挤淤时,由于各处沉降不一致,从而在路堤下面残留部分软土,完工后,则会产生不利的不均匀沉降,因而必须注意垫层铺筑后的压实,以使淤泥挤出,减少这种不利影响

       3.3 the ripped-rock crowded silting used to exist in fish ponds and water all the year round depressions. These places, soft soil, the sea in replacement of soil is relatively difficult, or basal directly fall in the mud of high moisture content, soil consistency is far more than liquid limit, poor permeability, large natural water content, high compressibility, and most of these places for the high fill embankment, if without any processing or treatment of soft foundation is undeserved, will often result in the instability or excessive settlement of the subgrade, road can't normal use. For thinner thickness, surface crust, flaky can sink to the bottom of the swamp or thickness of soft soil of 3 ~ 4 m, riprap crowded silting method is used to best effect. When low embankment and thick silt, to increase in height, soil available excavator from one end to the other side or by both ends to the middle segment invisible upper 3 meters of mud and sinotrans, invisible, the length of the paragraphs to excavator to work is the greatest horizontal distance, invisible behind a segment, stone can be made. Thrown when squeezed, thrown forward along the center line to fill, to expand on both sides. When cross slope steep in soft soil layer 1:10, should from high to low and toss side, and on the low side and toss more, make the low side of 2 m width at the top of the platform. Riprap and up to the surface water level above 50 mm, often at the top of the riprap backfilling of flaky, spread 10 ~ 30 mm thick gravel cushion (gravel cushion) leveling and compaction. The whole road paving stone cushion (gravel cushion layer) and flat after compaction is achieved, the normal filling embankment as. Riprap crowded silting, due to subsidence, everywhere to remain soft soil under the embankment, when completed, will produce adverse uneven settlement, so must pay attention to cushion paving after compaction, so that the mud extruder, reduce the adverse effect. 

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作者:linbin123456本文地址:http://estem.org.cn/post/69429.html发布于 2023-10-17
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